Dual solutions of bioconvection hybrid nanofluid flow due to gyrotactic microorganisms towards a vertical plate

The impact of gyrotactic microorganisms in the mixed convection stagnation point flow Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid towards an immovable plate is numerically examined. boundary layer equation coupled with energy, nanoparticle volume fraction and conservation equations for are simplified into a set ordinary differential by adopting similarity transformation. validation results good agreement previous studies approximately 0% difference relative error. imply that dual solutions only exist opposing up to critical value/turning point. Beyond this turning point, unavailable which reflects separation flow. essential delaying process where show λc,hnf=−3.5804>λc,Cu=−3.3903>λc,Al=−3.2016. Moreover, advantage augmentation heat mass transfer rates including density higher than Cu- Al2O3-water nanofluids.